NASA 不明异常现象独立研究团队——职权范围（Terms of Reference）

— p. 1 — 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001 Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Independent Study Team Terms of Reference Preamble NASA hereby establishes the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Independent Study Team (UAPIST) as a subordinate group of the Earth Science Advisory Committee (ESAC), a standalone advisory group established under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA). The Subcommittee has been established at the discretion of the Director, Earth Science Division, following consultation with the Assistant Deputy Associate Administrator for Research, Science Mission Directorate, as well as the Associate Administrator, Science Mission Directorate. Principles NASA leads the world in exploration and is committed to rigorous scientific inquiry. Consistent with NASA’s principles of openness, transparency, and scientific integrity, NASA is commissioning the UAPIST in order to examine Unidentified Aerial Phenomena from a scientific perspective, focusing on how NASA can use data and the tools of science to move our understanding forward. The UAPIST is established as a means to secure the counsel of community experts across diverse areas on matters relevant to potential methods of study of unidentified aerial phenomena. The UAPIST serves as a community-based, interdisciplinary forum for soliciting and coordinating community analysis and input and providing advice. It provides advice to the Earth Science Advisory Committee (ESAC). Background On June 25, 2021, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence issued the unclassified report Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena. That report concluded that: • The limited amount of high-quality reporting on unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) hampers our ability to draw firm conclusions about the nature or intent of UAP. • In a limited number of incidents, UAP reportedly appeared to exhibit unusual flight characteristics. These observations could be the result of sensor errors, spoofing, or observer misperception and require additional rigorous analysis. • There are probably multiple types of UAP requiring different explanations based on the range of appearances and behaviors described in the available reporting.

— 第 1 页 — 美国国家航空航天局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration） 总部 华盛顿特区 20546-0001 不明空中现象独立研究小组（Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Independent Study Team） 职权范围（Terms of Reference） 前言 NASA 特此设立不明空中现象独立研究小组（UAPIST），作为地球科学咨询委员会（Earth Science Advisory Committee, ESAC）的下属小组；ESAC 是依据《联邦咨询委员会法》（Federal Advisory Committee Act, FACA）设立的一个独立咨询组。本小组委员会系由地球科学部（Earth Science Division）主任酌情设立，此前已与科学任务理事会（Science Mission Directorate）研究事务助理副副署长（Assistant Deputy Associate Administrator for Research），以及科学任务理事会副署长（Associate Administrator）协商。 原则 NASA 在探索领域引领世界，并致力于严谨的科学探究。秉持 NASA 开放、透明与科学诚信的原则，NASA 委托设立 UAPIST，以从科学视角审视不明空中现象，重点关注 NASA 如何运用数据与科学工具来推进我们的认知。 设立 UAPIST 是为了就与不明空中现象潜在研究方法相关的事项，获取来自不同领域的社群专家的建议。UAPIST 作为一个以社群为基础、跨学科的论坛，用于征集和协调社群分析与意见，并提供建议。它向地球科学咨询委员会（ESAC）提供建议。 背景 2021 年 6 月 25 日，国家情报总监办公室发布了非机密报告《初步评估：不明空中现象》（Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena）。该报告的结论如下： • 关于不明空中现象（UAP）的高质量报告数量有限，这妨碍了我们就 UAP 的性质或意图得出确切结论的能力。 • 在少数事件中，据报告 UAP 似乎表现出不寻常的飞行特征。这些观察结果可能源于传感器误差、欺骗，或观察者的错误感知，需要额外的严格分析。 • 根据现有报告中所描述的各种外观与行为，UAP 很可能存在多种类型，需要不同的解释。

— p. 2 — 2 • UAP may pose airspace safety issues and may pose a challenge to U.S. national security. • Consistent consolidation of reports from across the federal government, standardized reporting, increased collection and analysis, and a streamlined process for screening all such reports against a broad range of relevant USG data will allow for a more sophisticated analysis of UAP that is likely to deepen our understanding. Statement of Task The UAPIST shall report on the following questions: 1. What types of scientific data currently collected and archived by NASA or other civilian government entities should be synthesized and analyzed to potentially shed light on the nature and origins of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP)? 2. What types of scientific data currently collected and held by non-profits and companies should be synthesized and analyzed to potentially shed light on the nature and origins of UAP? 3. What other types of scientific data should be collected by NASA to enhance the potential for developing an understanding of the nature and origins of UAP? 4. Which scientific analysis techniques currently in production could be employed to assess the nature and origins of UAP? Which types of analysis techniques should be developed? 5. In considering the factors above, what basic physical constraints can be placed on the nature and origins of UAP? 6. What civilian airspace data related to UAPs have been collected by government agencies and are available for analysis to a) inform efforts to better understand the nature and origins of UAPs, and b) determine the risk of UAPs to the National Air Space (NAS)? 7. What current reporting protocols and air traffic management (ATM) data acquisition systems can be modified to acquire additional data on past and future UAPs? 8. What potential enhancements to future ATM development efforts can be recommended to acquire data concerning future reported UAPs to assist in the effort to better understand the nature and origin of the UAPs? Membership NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, in consultation with NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, will appoint the Chair and members of the UAPIST for terms of up to one year. Diversity of thought shall be a factor in determining the composition of the UAPIST. The UAPIST will have approximately eight to twelve members chosen with an appropriately broad range of expertise; experience; employer types and sizes; and individual demographics. The membership will consist of experts drawn from U.S. academic, independent, and commercial institutions. Members of the UAPIST who are not Regular Government Employees (RGE) will be designated Special Government Employees (SGE) or Representatives. A NASA civil servant will be appointed as the Designated Federal Officer and Executive Secretary of the UAPIST.

— 第 2 页 — • UAP 可能构成空域安全问题，并可能对美国国家安全构成挑战。 • 对联邦政府各部门报告进行持续整合、标准化报告、加强收集与分析，以及建立一套简化流程以将所有此类报告与广泛的相关美国政府（USG）数据进行比对筛查，将有助于对 UAP 进行更精密的分析，并可能加深我们的理解。 任务陈述 UAPIST 应就以下问题作出报告： 1. NASA 或其他民用政府实体当前收集并归档的哪些类型的科学数据，应加以综合与分析，以有望阐明不明空中现象（UAP）的性质与来源？ 2. 非营利组织与公司当前收集并持有的哪些类型的科学数据，应加以综合与分析，以有望阐明 UAP 的性质与来源？ 3. NASA 还应收集哪些其他类型的科学数据，以增强就 UAP 性质与来源形成理解的潜力？ 4. 当前已在使用的哪些科学分析技术可用于评估 UAP 的性质与来源？应开发哪些类型的分析技术？ 5. 在考虑上述各因素时，可对 UAP 的性质与来源施加哪些基本的物理约束？ 6. 政府机构已收集了哪些与 UAP 相关、可供分析的民用空域数据，用以 a) 为更好地理解 UAP 性质与来源的各项努力提供信息，以及 b) 判定 UAP 对国家空域系统（National Air Space, NAS）的风险？ 7. 可对哪些当前的报告规程与空中交通管理（air traffic management, ATM）数据采集系统加以改造，以获取关于过去和未来 UAP 的额外数据？ 8. 可针对未来的 ATM 发展工作提出哪些潜在的改进建议，以采集有关未来所报告 UAP 的数据，从而协助更好地理解 UAP 的性质与来源？ 成员 NASA 科学任务理事会将与 NASA 航空研究任务理事会（Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate）协商，任命 UAPIST 的主席与成员，任期最长为一年。思想的多样性应作为决定 UAPIST 组成的一项因素。UAPIST 将约有八至十二名成员，其遴选应具备适当广泛的专业领域、经验、雇主类型与规模，以及个人背景多样性。成员将由来自美国学术界、独立机构及商业机构的专家组成。UAPIST 中并非常规政府雇员（Regular Government Employees, RGE）的成员，将被指定为特别政府雇员（Special Government Employees, SGE）或代表。一名 NASA 文职人员将被任命为 UAPIST 的指定联邦官员（Designated Federal Officer）兼执行秘书。

— p. 3 — 3 Meetings and Reporting The UAPIST will hold up to three meetings during the year. The first two meetings will be preparatory while the third meeting will be deliberative. The UAPIST will deliver to the ESAC a full, complete, and open report containing its recommendations, findings, and work products. A full copy of the report will be made publicly available. After public deliberation, the ESAC will deliver a final report to NASA reflecting their findings and recommendations. Administrative Provisions Organizational support for the UAPIST will be provided by the Science Mission Directorate. The support will include meeting and logistical support, and any communication requisites, as appropriate. Duration These Terms of Reference are terminated at the discretion of the Director, Earth Sciences Division, following consultation with the Associate Administrator, Science Mission Directorate, or in one year, whichever comes first. _____________________________________________ Dr. Karen St. Germain Director, Earth Science Division Science Mission Directorate _____________________________________________ Dr. Daniel Evans Asst. Dep. Associate Administrator for Research Science Mission Directorate _____________________________________________ Dr. Thomas Zurbuchen Associate Administrator Science Mission Directorate

— 第 3 页 — 会议与报告 UAPIST 将在一年内最多举行三次会议。前两次会议为准备性会议，第三次会议为审议性会议。UAPIST 将向 ESAC 提交一份完整、全面、公开的报告，载明其建议、发现与工作成果。该报告的完整副本将向公众公开。经公开审议后，ESAC 将向 NASA 提交一份反映其发现与建议的最终报告。 行政规定 UAPIST 的组织支持将由科学任务理事会提供。该支持将酌情包括会议与后勤支持，以及任何通信方面的必要条件。 期限 本职权范围将由地球科学部主任在与科学任务理事会副署长协商后酌情终止，或于一年后终止，以先到者为准。 _____________________________________________ Karen St. Germain 博士 地球科学部主任 科学任务理事会 _____________________________________________ Daniel Evans 博士 研究事务助理副副署长 科学任务理事会 _____________________________________________ Thomas Zurbuchen 博士 副署长 科学任务理事会