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ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY
RESOLUTION OFFICE
UNCLASSIFIED
The U.S. Defense Department & The UAP Mission
Dr. Jon Kosloski
Director, AARO
Last updated: JUNE 2025
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25-P-0881
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全域异常解决办公室(ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE, AARO)
美国国防部与 UAP 使命
Jon Kosloski 博士
AARO 主任
最后更新:2025 年 6 月
25-P-0881
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UNIDENTIFIED ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA
Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) are sources of anomalous
detections in one or more domains (i.e., airborne, seaborne,
spaceborne, and/or transmedium) that are not yet attributable to
known actors and that demonstrate behaviors that are not readily
understood by sensors or observers.
“Anomalous detections” include, but are not limited to, phenomena
appearing to demonstrate capabilities or material properties exceeding
the known state-of-the-art.
UAP may consist of one or more objects and may persist over an
extended period.
▪ UAP are primarily attributable to domain-awareness gaps.
▪ UAP may represent advanced capabilities operating in domain-
awareness gaps.
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不明异常现象(UNIDENTIFIED ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA)
不明异常现象(UAP)是指在一个或多个领域(即空中、海上、太空和/或跨介质)中的异常探测来源,这些来源尚不可归因于已知行为体,且表现出传感器或观察者不易理解的行为。
“异常探测”包括但不限于表现出明显超越已知最先进水平的能力或材料特性的现象。
一个 UAP 可由一个或多个物体构成,并可能在一段延续的时间内持续存在。
▪ UAP 主要归因于领域感知的盲区。
▪ UAP 可能代表在领域感知盲区中运行的先进能力。
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AARO UAP ATTRIBUTION-PERFORMANCE MATRIX
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AARO UAP 归因-性能矩阵(AARO UAP ATTRIBUTION-PERFORMANCE MATRIX)
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MISSION, VISION, & FUNCTION
Congress established AARO to investigate what hazards or threats UAP might present across service, regional, and domain boundaries.
MISSION:
Minimize technical and intelligence surprise by synchronizing identification, attribution, and mitigation of UAP in the vicinity of national security areas.
VISION:
Effectively and efficiently detect, track, analyze, and manage anomalous detections and UAP via normalized and systematized DoD, IC, and civil
business practices adhering to the highest scientific and intelligence-tradecraft standards with transparency and shared awareness.
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AARO DIVISIONS AND ORGANIZATION
Director
Deputy Director
Chief of Staff
Analysis
Chief Technology Officer
Operations
Science & Technology Strategic Communications
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使命、愿景与职能
国会设立 AARO,以调查 UAP 在军种、区域和领域边界之间可能构成何种危害或威胁。
使命:
通过在国家安全区域附近同步开展 UAP 的识别、归因与缓解,最大限度地减少技术与情报上的意外。
愿景:
通过规范化、系统化的国防部、情报界和民用业务实践,秉持最高的科学与情报技艺标准,以透明和共享的认知,有效且高效地探测、追踪、分析和管理异常探测与 UAP。
AARO 各处室与组织架构
主任(Director)
副主任(Deputy Director)
办公室主任(Chief of Staff)
分析处(Analysis)
首席技术官(Chief Technology Officer)
行动处(Operations)
科学与技术处(Science & Technology)
战略沟通处(Strategic Communications)
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SUBMITTING A REPORT TO AARO
▪ Military and DoD civilian personnel should report through their command or
service per GENADMIN Joint Staff J3 Washington DC 191452ZMAY23
“Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Reporting and Material Disposition.”
▪ Civilian pilots are encouraged to promptly report UAP sightings to air
traffic control. AARO receives UAP-related Pilot Reports from the Federal
Aviation Administration.
OTHER REPORTS TO AARO
AARO accepts reports of U.S. Government programs or activities related to UAP
from current or former U.S. Government employees, service members, or
contractor personnel with direct knowledge. These reports will be used to
inform AARO’s congressionally directed Historical Record Report.
For additional information on reporting, please visit
www.aaro.mil/Submit-A-Report/
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(U) Example of the Report Form found on
AARO’s website.
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向 AARO 提交报告
▪ 军人及国防部文职人员应依据 GENADMIN Joint Staff J3 Washington DC 191452ZMAY23《不明异常现象报告与物料处置》,通过其指挥系统或军种进行报告。
▪ 鼓励民用飞行员及时向空中交通管制报告 UAP 目击。AARO 从联邦航空管理局(FAA)接收与 UAP 相关的飞行员报告。
向 AARO 提交的其他报告
AARO 接受现任或前任美国政府雇员、军种成员或掌握直接信息的承包商人员提交的、与 UAP 相关的美国政府项目或活动的报告。这些报告将用于为 AARO 依国会指示编制的《历史记录报告》(Historical Record Report)提供参考。
有关报告的更多信息,请访问 www.aaro.mil/Submit-A-Report/
(U)AARO 网站上的报告表单示例。
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UAP ANALYTIC TRENDS
AARO analyses confirm only a very small percentage of UAP reports display anomalous signatures. Most anomalous detections reported to AARO
demonstrate ordinary characteristics of readily-explainable sources.
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LACK OF DATA HINDERS
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSES
SENSOR BIAS
INFLUENCES REPORTING
INCREASED CIVIL REPORTING MAY SHIFT
COLLECTION BIAS AND TRENDS
▪ Many cases in AARO's holdings remain
unresolved because of a lack of verifiable
data. Cases lacking sufficient data to inform a
rigorous analysis cannot be resolved.
▪ High-quality empirical data is necessary for
AARO’s adherence to the scientific method
and intelligence tradecraft, modeling,
simulation, and peer review.
▪ AARO’s reliance on DoD-sourced reports leads
to a collection bias near major range and test
facilities, special use airspace, and
operational areas.
▪ Interagency cooperation and partnerships with
civil aviation authorities lessens military-
centric collection bias by incorporating reports
from commercial pilots. Thus, broadening
collection area over a greater geographic area.
▪ AARO received more than 100 reports from
the FAA, contributing to analyses of UAP trends
over the United States and its territorial
waters.
▪ Most civilian reports lack sufficient data to
inform a conclusive analysis—i.e., sightings of
“lights” without notes on objects’
morphology/characteristics, geospatial
location, or anomalous behaviors.
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UAP 分析趋势
AARO 的分析证实,只有极小比例的 UAP 报告显示出异常特征。报告给 AARO 的大多数异常探测都表现出易于解释来源的寻常特征。
数据缺乏妨碍全面分析
▪ AARO 持有的许多案例因缺乏可核实的数据而仍未解决。缺乏足够数据以支持严格分析的案例无法被解决。
▪ 高质量的经验数据对于 AARO 遵循科学方法与情报技艺、建模、仿真及同行评审是必要的。
传感器偏差影响报告
▪ AARO 对国防部来源报告的依赖,导致在主要靶场与试验设施、特殊用途空域及作战区域附近存在收集偏差。
民用报告增加可能改变收集偏差与趋势
▪ 与民航当局的跨机构合作与伙伴关系,通过纳入商业飞行员的报告,减轻了以军事为中心的收集偏差,从而在更大的地理范围内扩展收集区域。
▪ AARO 从 FAA 收到超过 100 份报告,为分析美国及其领海上空的 UAP 趋势作出了贡献。
▪ 大多数民用报告缺乏足够数据以支持结论性分析——即目击到“灯光”,但没有关于物体形态/特征、地理空间位置或异常行为的记录。
— p. 7 — ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
AARO’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
▪ Developing sensors for UAP detection and tracking
▪ Developing protocols for rapid response to anomalies
▪ Advancing scientific understanding of UAP
▪ Synchronizing increased domain awareness in space,
skies, and sea
▪ Disseminating guidance on UAP reporting for DoD and
intelligence personnel
▪ Resolving UAP reports that impact national security,
personnel protection, or counterintelligence missions
▪ Reducing and mitigating technical surprise by
adversaries
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AARO 对国家安全的贡献
▪ 开发用于 UAP 探测与追踪的传感器
▪ 制定对异常现象快速响应的规程
▪ 推进对 UAP 的科学理解
▪ 同步提升太空、天空与海洋的领域感知
▪ 为国防部与情报人员传达 UAP 报告指南
▪ 解决影响国家安全、人员保护或反情报任务的 UAP 报告
▪ 减少并缓解对手造成的技术意外
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CASE - MIDDLE EAST “ORB”
CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE
▪ In 2022, an electro-optical sensor aboard an MQ-9 Reaper
UAS platform operating in the Middle East recorded a
spherical object.
▪ The object’s characteristics and behavior are consistent
with other “metallic orb” observations in the region.
▪ The object did not appear to demonstrate anomalous
performance characteristics.
▪ The object did not threaten airborne-asset safety.
▪ AARO holds this case in its “Active Archive,” pending
discovery of additional data.
▪ AARO uses Active Archive cases to contribute to trend and
statistical analyses.
(U) Middle East “orb,” unresolved. Poor data quality prevents conclusive attribution.
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案例——中东“球体”(ORB)
特征与性能
▪ 2022 年,一架在中东运行的 MQ-9“死神”(Reaper)无人航空系统平台上的光电传感器记录到一个球形物体。
▪ 该物体的特征与行为,与该地区其他“金属球体”观察结果一致。
▪ 该物体似乎未表现出异常的性能特征。
▪ 该物体未威胁空中资产的安全。
▪ AARO 将此案例保存在其“活动档案库”(Active Archive)中,等待发现更多数据。
▪ AARO 利用活动档案库中的案例,为趋势与统计分析作出贡献。
(U)中东“球体”,未解决。数据质量差,无法作出结论性归因。
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CASE - WESTERN UNITED STATES
CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE
▪ During a training mission in the western United States, a P-
3 pilot reported observing three unidentified objects.
▪ The pilot reported that the objects appeared to move at high
speeds.
▪ The pilot attempted to intercept the objects but was unable
to close with them.
▪ Post event geospatial positioning analysis showed that the
objects were significantly farther from the observer than the
pilot’s initial estimate.
▪ The object’s apparent changes in morphology are visual
artifacts attributable to sensor autofocus.
▪ Air-traffic control data suggest the objects were likely
commercial aircraft following assigned flight paths to and
from major airports.
(U) Western-U.S. objects, likely to have been commercial airliners distorted by visual artifacts
caused by video autofocus.
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案例——美国西部
特征与性能
▪ 在美国西部的一次训练任务中,一名 P-3 飞行员报告观察到三个不明物体。
▪ 该飞行员报告称,这些物体似乎以高速移动。
▪ 该飞行员试图拦截这些物体,但无法接近它们。
▪ 事件后的地理空间定位分析表明,这些物体距离观察者的实际距离,远大于飞行员最初的估计。
▪ 该物体外观上的形态变化,是可归因于传感器自动对焦的视觉伪影。
▪ 空中交通管制数据表明,这些物体很可能是沿着往返主要机场的指定航线飞行的商业航空器。
(U)美国西部物体,很可能是被视频自动对焦造成的视觉伪影所扭曲的商业客机。
— p. 10 — ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
CASE - SOUTH ASIA OBJECT
CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNATURE
▪ In 2023, a forward-looking infrared sensor aboard an MQ-9 Reaper
recorded an object that appeared to demonstrate anomalous
propulsion signatures.
▪ An atmospheric wake appears to trail the object.
▪ The “trail” is visually consistent with cavitation—a phenomenon
associated with some modes of propulsion in fluid media.
▪ Cavitation within the atmosphere would indicate an extremely high
energy system.
▪ Post event analysis determined that the visible trail is a camera-
software artifact.
▪ The video compression algorithm used to save this recording overlaid
frames on top of one another.
▪ These compression artifacts caused the software to attempt to
resolve differences in the gray, infrared gradient.
▪ This attempt to compensate introduced visual artifacts that seem to
form a trail.
▪ Analyses of the object’s morphology and air traffic control data
suggest the object is a commercial aircraft following a known flight
path.
(U) South Asia object observed with an apparent atmospheric wake,
attributable to video compression artifacts. The object was likely a
commercial airliner.
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案例——南亚物体
特征与信号特征
▪ 2023 年,一架 MQ-9“死神”上的前视红外传感器记录到一个似乎表现出异常推进信号特征的物体。
▪ 一道大气尾迹似乎尾随在该物体之后。
▪ 该“尾迹”在视觉上与空化现象一致——空化是与流体介质中某些推进模式相关的一种现象。
▪ 大气层内的空化将意味着一个极高能量的系统。
▪ 事件后分析确定,可见的尾迹是一种相机软件伪影。
▪ 用于保存此录像的视频压缩算法将各帧叠加在了一起。
▪ 这些压缩伪影导致软件试图解析灰色红外梯度中的差异。
▪ 这种试图补偿的行为引入了看似形成尾迹的视觉伪影。
▪ 对该物体形态与空中交通管制数据的分析表明,该物体是一架沿已知航线飞行的商业航空器。
(U)南亚物体,观察到明显的大气尾迹,可归因于视频压缩伪影。该物体很可能是一架商业客机。
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CASE – “GO FAST”
CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE
▪ Event: In January 2015, U.S. Navy aircraft recorded an object appearing
to travel at high speeds close to the ocean’s surface off Florida’s east
coast.
▪ Findings: Following in-depth computational analysis of Navy aircraft’s
flight characteristics and sensor readings, AARO, in coordination with
S&T partners, assesses with high confidence the object did not
demonstrate anomalous speeds or flight characteristics.
▪ Analytic Factors: AARO assesses with high confidence that the object’s
altitude was approximately 13,000 feet above sea level and its speed
was approximately between 5 and 92 miles per hour.
▪ Contemporaneous weather data for the area at the time of event
record winds at approximately 69 miles per hour at 13,000 feet.
▪ The object maintained relatively straight flight path during the
observation, consistent with an object drifting with the wind. The object
slowly rose and fell slightly during the recording.
▪ High confidence analysis of the UAP’s exact position was not
possible given a lack of precise positional data from the observing
Navy aircraft.
(U) The Department of Defense released the Go Fast
video 2017. This image is a screen shot of the video
available at www.aaro.mil. The object is circled for
visual emphasis.
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案例——“Go Fast”
特征与性能
▪ 事件:2015 年 1 月,美国海军航空器记录到一个物体,似乎在佛罗里达州东海岸外贴近海面高速移动。
▪ 发现:在对海军航空器的飞行特征与传感器读数进行深入的计算分析后,AARO 与科学技术(S&T)合作伙伴协调,以高置信度评估认为该物体并未表现出异常的速度或飞行特征。
▪ 分析因素:AARO 以高置信度评估认为,该物体的高度约为海平面以上 13,000 英尺,其速度约在每小时 5 至 92 英里之间。
▪ 事件发生时该地区的同期天气数据记录到,在 13,000 英尺高度处风速约为每小时 69 英里。
▪ 在观察期间,该物体保持相对笔直的飞行路径,这与一个随风漂移的物体一致。在录像过程中,该物体缓慢地略微上升和下降。
▪ 由于观察的海军航空器缺乏精确的位置数据,无法对该 UAP 的确切位置进行高置信度分析。
(U)国防部于 2017 年发布了 Go Fast 视频。此图为该视频的一帧截图,视频可在 www.aaro.mil 观看。为便于视觉强调,物体被圈出。
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CASE – MT. ETNA OBJECT
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CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE
▪ Event: In 2018, a U.S. UAS platform flying over the Mediterranean Sea observed an
eruption of Italy’s Mt. Etna. The UAS recorded infrared video of an object that
seemed to transit the volcano's plume with no impact to its performance, altitude,
or bearing.
▪ Findings: AARO and its IC and S&T partners assess with moderate confidence that
the object was a balloon. AARO and its partners assess with high confidence that
the object drifted with the wind approximately 170 kilometers from the volcano and
did not demonstrate anomalous performance characteristics.
▪ Analytic Factors: AARO’s assessment is informed by full-motion video analysis, 3D
modeling, pixel examination, and novel speed and distance calculation techniques.
▪ AARO estimated the distance between the UAS and the object by incorporating
historical weather data, including wind speed and cloud deck movement.
▪ AARO and its partners found that the object did not transit the ash plume by
comparing the luminosity of the object’s pixels to those around it.
▪ AARO used 3D modeling and wind calculations to predict the object’s location
during frames where it was visually undetectable.
▪ Digital postprocessing tools revealed the object to be where AARO’s modeling
suggested it would be, further validating the findings.
(U) A screen shot from the “Mt. Etna Object” video
available on www.aaro.mil. The object is circled for
visual emphasis.
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案例——埃特纳火山(MT. ETNA)物体
特征与性能
▪ 事件:2018 年,一架美国无人航空系统平台在飞越地中海时,观察到意大利埃特纳火山的一次喷发。该无人航空系统记录了一个物体的红外视频,该物体似乎穿越了火山的烟羽,而其性能、高度或方位未受影响。
▪ 发现:AARO 及其情报界与 S&T 合作伙伴以中等置信度评估认为该物体是一个气球。AARO 及其合作伙伴以高置信度评估认为,该物体随风从火山漂移了约 170 公里,且未表现出异常的性能特征。
▪ 分析因素:AARO 的评估基于全动态视频分析、三维建模、像素检查,以及新颖的速度与距离计算技术。
▪ AARO 通过纳入历史天气数据(包括风速与云层移动)来估算无人航空系统与该物体之间的距离。
▪ AARO 及其合作伙伴通过比较该物体像素与其周围像素的亮度,发现该物体并未穿越火山灰烟羽。
▪ AARO 运用三维建模与风力计算,来预测该物体在视觉上无法探测的帧中的位置。
▪ 数字后处理工具显示该物体位于 AARO 建模所预测的位置,进一步验证了这些发现。
(U)来自 www.aaro.mil 上《埃特纳火山物体》视频的一帧截图。为便于视觉强调,物体被圈出。
— p. 13 — ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE (AARO)
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY
RESOLUTION OFFICE
UNCLASSIFIED
Dr. Jon Kosloski
Director, AARO
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全域异常解决办公室(ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE)
Jon Kosloski 博士
AARO 主任